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Scalar
A scalar is an ordinary number or quantity.
Explanation
In physics, one speaks of a scalar quantity when the quantity has no specific direction and does not depend on the choice of coordinate system.
Example 1
The scalar product of two Euclidean vectors a and b is
a · b = ||a|| ||b|| cos θ
where θ is the angle between the vectors, and ||a|| and ||b|| are the norms of the vectors and a and b.